Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou, *ca. 1965
No doubt, Bakari Coulibaly is the most spectacular carver and is the leading Senufo master carver today. He learned from his famous father, Drissa Coulibaly (*ca. 1940-2022). Bakari is a Koulé from the Senufo sub group of the Fodonon from Dickodougou, south of Korhogo.
Bakari's technique is very ambitioned, no other Senufo carver has such skills and variation in carving techniques, which are always extremely fine executed. His masks do show a huge repertoire of techniques, which could easily overload such a work. But his masks are not always only absolutely symmetric, they are also balanced in their composition. A finished mask is pure perfection.
Bakari now lives in Dickodougou, south of Korhogo, Ivory Coast. Bakari stopped carving in 2016, he now works as a farmer for his basic income. Till today father and son are one of the most popular artists of Ivory Coast. The skills and abilities from both carvers are outstanding, but Bakaris feeling for shape, form, composition and proportion is unsurmountable. His extremely decorative style is inimitatable.
Masks he made for his village from his late period show an extremely shaped forehead, which nearly look like a woman's breast. Early works have a more round forehead. Bakari repeated masks that got replaced from the shrine. A shrine of a village holds up to 30 masks. Every seven years the Tugebele spirits got asked about their power. In case a mask has no power or is damaged, there will be a new mask made, sometimes looking exactly the same. Bakari ones said, that it takes up to three weeks to carve a mask.
Bakaris style truely can be described as flamboyand. He always sets something on top. All his Kpelié masks have a small head, always beautifully carved, on the very top of the Kapok fruit center piece. His masks are exptremely symmetric. It seems likely that Bakari used templates to arrange the mask and get the proportions. But each mask is slightly different in composition and size. Some have narrow faces, others are wider with appropiate proportions in the decorations. But for sure he did transfer one side of the mask to the other side to have absolutely symmetric sides. He varies techniques such as curved or straight rills or a crossed hatching.
Comparing the patina on the masks, you see certain stages of usage. Some masks have still the black stain treatment and are nearly black, others seem to be washed and look light in color. There are copies of his masks known which were made by other carvers. But comparing them it becomes quite obvious, who did carve which mask. Bakaris work is perfection.
It is not exactly to determine when he was born, information differ (persumibly around 1965, I attend new information soon). His father Drissa died 2022 in Korhogo, after long illness. But for sure it is to say, that Bakari is a constantly strong and innovative carver of the traditional Senufo style. Karl-Heinz Krieg did documentate early masks made by Bakari.
Kpelié mask, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
43,0 x 15,0 x 13,0 cm, wood.
Published:
- Wenn Neuordnung Ordnung schafft, Markus Ehrhard, pages 136 - 138.
Kpelié mask, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
42,0 x 16,5 x 11,0 cm, wood.
Published:
- Wenn Urform Form bestimmt, Markus Ehrhard, pages 152 -155.
Kpelié mask, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
41,0 x 17,0 x 12,0 cm, wood.
Published:
not published yet
Comparing these five outstanding Kpelié masks you see a similar construction and composition. All are perfectly synchronic and symmetric. At first, there is a good case to believe that Bakari worked with templates of successful masks, but meassuring them, they are different in lenght and proportions. All faces have the same construction, the pair of legs have different decorations but are carved in the same characteristic shape. The Kapok fruit shaped centrepieces show also equal faces, presumably Tugubele spirits. And on top, every mask ends with a filigreed head of a Tugubele spirit. The hatching on the decorations elements on both sides of the masks are very precise, like carved with a ruler. Every mask has different created decorations, that show the immense variety of carving techniques Bakari is able to perform. Bakaris tools are the traditional hatchets and small knives.
Top of the Kpelié mask with a filigreed Tugubele spirit.
This doublefaced Kpelié (Yêchikpleyégué) is a fantastic example that "less is not more". Bakari decorated every line of this perfectly carved mask. And not only that, the composition is balanced as the perfect in symmetry. In general, Bakari's masks are large in size, around 40 cm and larger. This double faced Kpelié is in comparison with 33,5 cm a small mask.
Yêchikpleyégué (doublefaced Kpelié) mask, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
33,5 x 15,0 x 9,5 cm, wood. 413 Gramm.
Published:
not published yet
For a master like Bakari Coulibaly a mask like this is a masterpiece beyond comparison. Kpelié masks are not rare masks. Between Senufo carvers there is a competition, which mask is the most impressive and beautiful one.
This mask was propably made during his strongest time as an artist. The patina does persume an antique mask. Thought this mask seems overloaded with decoration and delicate features, the composition and arrangement appears calm and balanced. The dynamic curved horns are complex itself.
Top, again, is the central statue of a female Tugubele spirit, that on it's own is perfect. The shoulders are wing shaped, which is a typical sign for an antique mask.
Kpelié mask, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
38,0 x 15,5 x 10,0 cm, wood.
Publisehd:
- Wenn Urform Form bestimmt, Markus Ehrhard, pages 160 - 163.
This mask carved by Bakari Coulibaly represents an own genre in the group of Kpelié masks. It does not look like a typical Kpelié, but it belongs to the type of Kpelié.
The oustanding and pulled-up horns, in many cases hold by the centre figure, show an animal subject, reminding on an antilope. But there is no confirmed information about this certain genre, nor what species of animal is shown.
There are interpretations in literature, that describe this type of Senufo mask as a devil's face. But that is more phantasy than knowledge of the author.
The back of this mask with the fixing wholes do show authentic sign of usage and patina.
Kpelié mask, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
37,5 x 15,0 x 11,0 cm, wood.
Published:
- Wenn Urform Form bestimmt, Markus Ehrhard, pages 156 - 159.
The horserider is a classic statue in every repertoire of a Senufo carver. To carve a horse in combination with a human figure efforts certain skills for shape, proportion and composition. Often the horse is carved very small.
Syonfolô statues are used by diviners, they are never owned by a private person. These statues symbolize power, so the silhouette of a good Syonfolô is A-shaped and represents hierachy and a commanding structure by shape.
Bakari Coulibaly carved this Syonfolô in a remarkable architecture. The curved lines in the saddle or back of the rider give this statue a dynamic stance. Characteristic for Bakaris horse riders are the extremely shaped and exalted decorated hats. These braided farmers hats are called Tefala-Ndong and do not only protect, they are symbol of wisdom of a wise farmer. There is a similar Syonfolô with a Tugubele couple in the Karl-Heinz Krieg Collection.
Syonfolô, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
43,0 x 28,5 x 10,0 cm, wood.
Published:
- Wenn Urform Form bestimmt, Markus Ehrhard, pages 150 - 151.
This Synfolô is an earlier work of Bakari Coulibaly. There is a very similar horserider statue by Bakari in the collection of the Dallas Museum of Art, dated 1920. That sculpture was presented latest in "Afrikanische Meister - Kunst der Elfenbeinküste" and assigned to "the master of shovel hands". Beside this insulting titeling, the dating obviously does not match the life data of Bakari Coulibaly.
Syonfolô, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou.
43,0 x 28,5 x 10,0 cm, wood.
Published:
not published yet.
Bakari Coulibaly carved this 95 cm tall female Tugubele statue for the Tienporg, the secret society of women of Fodonon (subgroup of Senufo) in Waraniéné, southwest of Korhogo.
It is the largest documentated statue made by his hands and it represents all features of the ideal of beauty of the Senufo. The decorative scars are deepend and also raised carved. The spirit is wearing jewelry around neck, arms and ankles. And the feet are shaped small in proportion to the body. The hair style is complex and very decorative, especially from the side view. Some parts of the head had to be restored. The whole silhouette is very elegant. The workmanship is remarkable and shows the particularity and distinctiveness of this special Tugubele statue.
Female Tugubele, carved by Bakari Coulibaly, Koulé from Dickodougou. for the Tienporg (secret society) of Fodonon (subgroup of Senufo in the southwest of Korhogo) in Waraniéné. 95,0 x 23,0 x 26,5 cm, wood.
Published:
- Wenn Urform Form bestimmt, Markus Ehrhard, pages 164 - 167.